Elisabete França is currently Executive Director of the Mananciais Program at the Housing Department of the city of Sao Paulo and Professor at Fundação Armando Álvares Penteado.
In the US, most housing subsidies are provided indirectly via the tax system rather than direct public spending. One of the tax subsidies provided for affordable housing is Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) which were introduced by the Tax Reform Act in 1986.
Current market conditions are driving significant amounts of capital towards investment in private rental housing and this has contributed to a decline in homeownership in many parts of the UNECE region.
The Housing Finance Agency (HFA) was established in 1982 and is a public limited company wholly owned by the Irish government.
Community Land Trust Brussels (CLTB) (https://cltb.be/) develops affordable rental and co-ownership housing projects in Brussels for low-income households.
Right-of-occupancy housing [1] is a mix of renting and homeownership. Under this model the occupier must first pay a right-of-occupancy payment, generally amounting to 15 per cent of the purchase price.
The State Housing Development Fund (SHDF) of Slovakia was established in 1996 as a revolving fund to finance the priorities of the Government of Slovakia defined in the State Housing Policy Concept. It is an independent entity supervised by the Ministry of Transport and Construction of the Slovak Republic.
The National Housing Agency (NHA) of Albania was established in 1993 and is a state-owned enterprise.
All tenants of rented housing in Sweden, including for-profit and non-profit provision, have the right to be involved in negotiating rents and tenancy conditions. This builds on a distinctive history of rented housing regulation which treats all forms of rented housing the same.
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